Seborrheic Dermatitis

Several factors contribute to the development of seborrheic dermatitis:

1. Overgrowth of Malassezia Yeast: Malassezia is a type of fungus that lives on the skin’s surface. In some individuals, an overgrowth of this yeast can trigger an inflammatory response, leading to the symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis.
2. Excess Sebum Production: Areas of the skin with more sebaceous glands are more prone to seborrheic dermatitis, which is why the scalp, face, and chest are the most common areas. Excessive oil production provides an ideal environment for the Malassezia yeast to thrive.
3. Genetic Predisposition: A family history of seborrheic dermatitis or other inflammatory skin conditions may increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
4. Environmental Factors: Changes in weather can exacerbate seborrheic dermatitis.
5. Stress: Emotional or physical stress is a common trigger that can worsen symptoms or cause flare-ups.
6. Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations, such as those occurring during puberty, can influence the onset or severity of seborrheic dermatitis as it increases oil production.
7. Underlying Health Conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as Parkinson’s disease, HIV/AIDS, and weakened immune systems, are associated with a higher risk of developing seborrheic dermatitis.

Seborrheic dermatitis manifests as a range of symptoms that can vary in intensity. The most common signs include:

1. Flaky Skin or Dandruff: Flaking is a hallmark symptom, especially on the scalp. The flakes may be white or yellowish and range from small, dry pieces to larger, greasy scales.
2. Red, Scaly Patches: These patches are commonly found on the scalp, sides of the nose, eyebrows, eyelids, ears, and chest.
3. Itching: The condition often causes a persistent itch, which can be irritating and uncomfortable.
4. Oily Skin: Affected areas may appear shiny or greasy due to excess sebum production.
5. Crusting or Oozing: In severe cases, the skin may develop crusts or even ooze fluid.
6. Irritation in Skin Folds: Seborrheic dermatitis can also occur in body folds, such as under the breasts, in the groin, or between folds of skin on the abdomen.

In infants, seborrheic dermatitis typically appears as thick, yellowish scales on the scalp (cradle cap). While this condition is generally harmless and temporary, it can sometimes extend to other areas, such as the face or diaper region.

Seborrheic dermatitis can be categorized based on the areas it affects and its clinical presentation:

Scalp Seborrheic Dermatitis

• Commonly referred to as dandruff in milder cases.
• Presents as white or yellow flakes on the scalp, often accompanied by itching and redness.

Facial Seborrheic Dermatitis

• Affects areas such as the eyebrows, sides of the nose, and behind the ears.
• Redness and scaling are prominent, and the condition can sometimes extend to the eyelids.

Body Seborrheic Dermatitis

• Found mainly on the chest
• Characterized by red, scaly, and greasy patches that may be itchy or irritated.

Infantile Seborrheic Dermatitis (Cradle Cap)

• Appears as yellow, greasy, and crusty patches on the scalp of infants.
• It is usually not itchy and resolves on its own within a few months.