Rosacea

The precise cause of rosacea remains unknown, but researchers believe it’s a result of a combination of genetic, environmental, and immune system factors. Some of the primary factors thought to play a role include:

1. Genetics: A family history of rosacea can increase your risk, suggesting that genetic predisposition may contribute to its development.
2. Immune System Dysregulation: People with rosacea may have an overactive immune response to certain triggers, leading to inflammation and visible symptoms.
3. Demodex Mites: These microscopic mites naturally live on human skin, but people with rosacea may have higher numbers of them, potentially triggering or worsening symptoms.
4. Vascular Abnormalities: Abnormalities in the blood vessels of the face can lead to persistent redness and flushing.
5. Environmental Triggers: Various factors can cause flare-ups, such as exposure to sunlight, extreme temperatures, wind, heat, or spicy foods. Alcohol, caffeine, and certain skincare products can also be triggers for some individuals.

Rosacea symptoms can vary widely from person to person, but the most common signs include:

1. Facial Redness: Persistent redness, particularly on the cheeks, nose, forehead, and chin, is the hallmark of rosacea. This redness may resemble a sunburn that doesn’t fade.
2. Flushing: Sudden, temporary redness or warmth of the skin can occur and may be triggered by certain activities or environmental factors.
3. Visible Blood Vessels: Tiny, broken blood vessels (known as telangiectasia) may become visible on the skin.
4. Bumps and Pimples: Small, red, pus-filled bumps may develop, resembling acne but without blackheads or whiteheads.
5. Eye Irritation: Ocular rosacea can cause dryness, irritation, redness, or swelling of the eyes and eyelids. This can lead to a feeling of grittiness or blurry vision.
6. Thickened Skin: In severe cases, the skin may thicken and develop a bumpy texture, particularly on the nose. This condition, known as rhinophyma, is more common in men than women.

Other symptoms may include burning, stinging, or itching sensations, as well as increased skin sensitivity.

Rosacea is categorized into four main subtypes, based on the predominant symptoms:

Erythematotelangiectatic Rosacea (ETR)

• Characterized by persistent redness, flushing, and visible blood vessels.
• Skin may feel dry, sensitive, or itchy.
• Triggers such as heat, sun exposure, or emotional stress can worsen symptoms.

Papulopustular Rosacea

• This subtype features acne-like breakouts, with red bumps (papules) and pus-filled pimples (pustules).
• Often occurs alongside persistent redness.
• Commonly affects middle-aged women.

Phymatous Rosacea

• Leads to thickened, bumpy skin, most often on the nose (rhinophyma).
• Pores may appear enlarged, and the texture of the skin becomes coarse.
• This type is more commonly seen in men.

Ocular Rosacea

• Affects the eyes, causing redness, dryness, irritation, or a gritty sensation.
• Can lead to swollen eyelids, sensitivity to light, and blurred vision.
• May occur in conjunction with other forms of rosacea or independently.