Atopic Dermatitis

Dr. Monjazeb explains that atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that typically begins in childhood, though it can affect people of all ages. It can also start at any age. Atopic dermatitis is one part of a broader allergic condition known as the atopic triad, which also includes asthma and allergic rhinitis.

• Dry, itchy skin: The hallmark symptom of atopic dermatitis, often leading to intense scratching.
• Red, inflamed patches: These can appear anywhere on the body but are most common on the face, neck, hands, and the bends of elbows and knees.
• Crusting and oozing: Severe cases may lead to open sores that ooze and form crusts, increasing the risk of infection.

Atopic dermatitis is not contagious, but it can be recurrent and persistent, often flaring up periodically. The severity and frequency of these flare-ups vary from person to person. Dr. Seena Monjazeb has extensive experience with controlling atopic dermatitis and reducing the number of flare-ups even for the most severe cases.

The exact cause of atopic dermatitis is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. Below are some of the key contributors:

Genetics

A family history of eczema, asthma, or hay fever increases the likelihood of developing atopic dermatitis. Mutations in the filaggrin gene (FLG) can impair the skin’s ability to act as a protective barrier, making it more susceptible to irritants and allergens.

Immune System Dysfunction

An overactive immune response can trigger inflammation, leading to the characteristic redness and itchiness associated with atopic dermatitis.

Skin Barrier Defects

The skin’s barrier function is compromised in people with atopic dermatitis, allowing moisture to escape and irritants to penetrate. This results in dry, cracked skin that is prone to inflammation. This also allows bacteria, such as staph aureus, to grow and cause a condition known as impetigo.

Environmental Triggers

Although not the main cause of atopic dermatitis, certain environmental factors can aggravate the condition, including:

• Allergens: Pollen, dust mites, pet dander, and mold.
• Irritants: Harsh soaps, detergents, perfumes, and certain fabrics like wool.
• Weather: Cold, dry air or excessive heat and humidity.
• Stress: Emotional stress can worsen symptoms.

Food Allergies

Although numerous studies do not show a direct link between food and atopic dermatitis, some patients may notice certain foods trigger a rash in patients with atopic dermatitis.

Although atopic dermatitis is a chronic condition, treatment can provide significant relief and improve the quality of life for those affected. Here are the key benefits of seeking treatment:

Reduction in Symptoms

Proper treatment can alleviate itching, redness, and inflammation, reducing the discomfort associated with flare-ups. This leads to better sleep and improved daily functioning. Dr. Monjazeb stresses the importance of symptom reduction as poor quality of sleep will have a negative impact on children in school and adults at work.

Improved Skin Health

By repairing the skin’s barrier and maintaining moisture levels, treatments can enhance the skin’s integrity, making it less prone to irritation and infection.

Prevention of Complications

Untreated atopic dermatitis can lead to complications such as skin infections (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus) and thickened, leathery skin due to chronic scratching (a condition known as lichenification). Early and consistent treatment minimizes these risks.

Enhanced Mental Well-Being

Living with atopic dermatitis can take a toll on mental health, leading to anxiety, depression, and social withdrawal. Managing the condition effectively restores confidence and emotional balance.

Long-Term Management of Flare-Ups

With proper treatment and lifestyle adjustments, individuals can minimize the frequency and severity of flare-ups, leading to a more stable and manageable condition.