Melasma
Melasma is a common skin condition that causes dark, discolored patches to appear on the skin, most frequently on the face. It is more prevalent in women than men, particularly during their reproductive years, and is often associated with hormonal changes. Although melasma is harmless and not painful, it can be a source of emotional distress due to its impact on appearance. It is sometimes referred to as the “mask of pregnancy” because it often develops during pregnancy secondary to the increase of estrogen.
Melasma is typically characterized by symmetrical patches of pigmentation on the cheeks, forehead, bridge of the nose, or upper lip. While its exact cause is not entirely understood, certain factors are known to contribute to its development. It is important to understand these factors to help minimize the severity of the condition and its recurrence.
The exact cause of melasma remains unclear, but several factors are believed to contribute to its onset. These include:
- Hormonal Changes: Fluctuations in hormones are a significant factor in melasma. It commonly occurs during pregnancy, while taking hormonal birth control, or undergoing hormone replacement therapy.
- Sun Exposure: Ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun stimulate melanocytes (the pigment-producing cells in the skin), leading to increased pigmentation.
- Genetics: A family history of melasma can increase susceptibility to the condition.
- Skin Type: People with darker skin tones are more likely to develop melasma because they have more active melanocytes.
- Medications and Cosmetics: Certain medications, such as anti-seizure drugs, and some skincare products can trigger melasma in sensitive individuals.
- Stress and Thyroid Disease: Emotional stress and thyroid disorders may also play a role in triggering or exacerbating melasma.
The primary symptom of melasma is the appearance of dark, irregularly shaped patches on the skin. These patches are usually:
- Symmetrical: They appear evenly on both sides of the face.
- Brown or Gray-Brown in Color: The pigmentation can vary in shade depending on the individual’s skin tone and the depth of pigmentation.
- Most Common on the Face: Common areas include the cheeks, forehead, nose, upper lip, and chin. Occasionally, melasma can appear on other sun-exposed areas, such as the neck or forearms.
- Non-Itchy and Non-Painful: Unlike some skin conditions, melasma does not cause physical discomfort and symptoms like itching or pain.
Melasma is classified into three main types based on the depth of pigmentation in the skin. These include:
Epidermal Melasma
- The pigmentation is confined to the outermost layer of the skin (epidermis).
- It appears as well-defined, dark brown patches.
- This type responds well to treatment, such as topical creams and chemical peels.
Dermal Melasma
- The pigmentation extends deeper into the skin (dermis).
- Patches are light brown or bluish-gray and have blurry edges.
- Treatment is more challenging, and results may take longer to achieve.
Mixed Melasma
- This type combines both epidermal and dermal pigmentation.
- Patches can have varying shades of brown and gray.
- Treatment typically requires a combination of approaches, including topical treatments and laser therapy.
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Melasma is a widespread and often persistent skin condition that affects many individuals, especially women. While it is not harmful, its appearance can significantly impact self-esteem and confidence as the discoloration is predominantly facial. Understanding its causes, symptoms, and types is essential for proper diagnosis and effective treatment. Many patients believe melasma is just something they have to get used to, however many treatment options are available to help even your skin tone.
There are many ways to manage melasma, including sun protection, topical treatments, chemical peels, and laser therapies. Dr. Monjazeb will help create a tailored treatment plan and identify any underlying triggers. With appropriate care and consistent sun protection, the appearance of melasma can be minimized, allowing individuals to maintain healthier and more even-toned skin. Medical dermatologist Dr. Seena Monjazeb at Rosebranch Dermatology has extensive experience in treating melasma and can help you achieve clear skin. Rosebranch Dermatology sees patients in Friendswood, Texas and serves the greater Houston area including League City, Clear Lake, Pearland, and Alvin.
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