Cysts

Cysts can develop due to various causes, which include:

1. Blockages in Ducts or Glands: Blocked oil or sweat glands are a common cause. For example, sebaceous cysts result from blocked sebaceous (oil) glands.
2. Trauma or Injury: Physical injury to the skin can lead to cyst formation during the healing process. This is why cysts are sometimes seen within scars.
3. Genetic Factors: Certain genetic conditions, such as Gardner syndrome, can predispose individuals to developing skin cysts.
4. Chronic Inflammation: Prolonged skin irritation or inflammation can result in cyst formation.

The symptoms of skin cysts depend on their size, location, and type. Common symptoms include:

1. Visible Lump or Swelling: Cysts often present as a noticeable lump beneath the skin.
2. Pain or Tenderness: If the cyst ruptures due to trauma or becoming too large, it may become inflamed which can cause discomfort and pain. These lesions need to be tended to alleviate the pain and allowed the healing process to begin.
3. Redness and Warmth: Inflamed cysts may appear red and feel warm to the touch.
4. Drainage: Some cysts may rupture and release a thick, foul-smelling substance.
5. Cosmetic Concerns: Cysts in visible areas, such as the face or neck, may cause self-consciousness or aesthetic concerns.

There are numerous types of cysts that can be found in the skin, including:

1. Sebaceous Cysts: These are formed when sebaceous glands become blocked, leading to a lump filled with oily material. They are commonly found on the scalp, face, neck, and back.
2. Epidermoid Cysts: Often mistaken for sebaceous cysts, these are filled with keratin and are commonly found on the face, neck, and trunk.
3. Pilar Cysts: These occur on the scalp and are filled with keratin. They are typically painless and grow slowly.
4. Milia: Tiny white or yellow cysts that commonly appear on the face, especially around the eyes, in newborns and adults. Although these do not cause any discomfort, many patient’s dislike the appearance of milia and request removal.
5. Digital Mucous Cysts: Found near the joints of fingers or toes, these lesions are associated with osteoarthritis. Digital Mucous Cysts are a misnomer, as they are not true cysts since they do not have a lining.
6. Steatocystomas: These are multiple sebaceous cysts containing an oily substance and are often seen in individuals with a condition called steatocystoma multiplex.
7. Dermoid Cysts: These congenital cysts can contain hair, skin, and other tissues. They often appear on the face or scalp.
8. Acne Cysts: Severe acne can lead to cyst formation, resulting in painful, inflamed lesions. These lesions can lead to scarring if not treated promptly.